Degradation of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes in the presence of chloramine

Degradation of Polyamide Reverse Osmosis Membranes in the Presence of Chloramine

Exposure to relatively low concentrations of chlorinated chemicals such as hypochlorite can reduce the performance and ultimately result in the failure of polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis membranes. Whereas the tolerance of PA membranes to chloramine solutions is considerably higher than that of hypochlorite, the presence of some metal ions can potentially catalyze and accelerate degradation reac...

Performance and Structure of Thin Film Composite Reverse Osmosis Membranes Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization in the Presence of Acid Acceptor

During interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction between m-phenylenediamine (MPDA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC), a by-product, i.e. hydrochloric acid can produce. This produced acid diffuses back in aqueous phase and protonates MPDA and reduces its reactivity that results in lowering of polymer yield and performance of membrane. Further, for getting consistency in reverse...

Interfacial polymerization of polyamide-aluminosilicate SWNT nanocomposite membranes for reverse osmosis

Composite Polyamide Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membranes – Recent Developments and Future Directions

Thin Film Composite – Polyamide (TFC-PA) are commonly used reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in water desalination and waste water applications. Their poor chlorine tolerance and fouling characteristics constrain the life and performance leading to stringent chemical pretreatment requirements. In this context, development of fouling resistant and chlorine tolerant RO membranes would be relevant to...

the effect of taftan pozzolan on the compressive strength of concrete in the environmental conditions of oman sea (chabahar port)

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...